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Commerce 2 & 1
*WAEC COMMERCE ANSWERS*
THEORY ANSWERS
(1ai) - Television - Radio - Cinema - Catalogues (1aii) - Coverage or extent of circulation - Frequency - The target Audience - Cost (1b) - It helps in creating job opportunities - It provides information about features - Reduction of costs - increase in profit ================================
(2a) (i)improving the profitability of the firm. (ii)Carrying out restriction of output , (iii)control of price, (iv)allocation of market shares.
(2b) -Advantages- (i)They base their decisions on the full costs and benefits involved. (ii)They can be used to influence economic activity. To boost the country’s output, public corporations can be directly encouraged to increase their output. (iii)In cases where it is practical to have only one firm in the industry, such as rail infrastructure, a public corporation would not abuse its market power. -Disadvantages- (i)They can be difficult to manage and control. The large size of theorganisations may mean that time has to be spent on meetings and communicating with staff, slowing down decision making. (ii)They may become inefficient, produce low quality products and charge relatively high prices, due to a lack of competition and the knowledge that they cannot go bankrupt. (iii)They will need to be subsidized if they are loss making. The use of tax revenue to support them has an opportunity cost it could be used to spend on, say, training more teachers and nurses. ===============================
(5a) (Choose Any four) (i) Through the stock exchange market which is part of the capital market ,fund or capital can be raised or mobilised by companies and investors (ii)Stock exchange market provide Financial Market where people can invest their money in shares of companies (iii)Stock exchange facilitates the transfer of ownership of shares between investors. (iv)stock exchange market Provide Avenue for Government to Raise fund (v)The stock exchange market provides professional advice to investors on sales and management of securities (5bi)Debenture: A debenture is a document which acknowledges a loan generally under the company's seal,bearing a fixed rate of interest . it usually gives security for replacement of loan as well as the interest. Holders of debenture certificate have no voting right (5bii)Bond : A bond is a security issued by a government or its agency or private institution as a means of raising fund. Bonds are usually due to be redeemed at some future date,and they carry a fixed rate of interest.
(5biii)Shares: Shares can be defined as an individual portion of the company's capital owned by shareholders. It is the interest which a shareholder has in a company . in other word, a share is a unit of capital measured by a sum of money. (5biv)Stock: stock can be defined as the bundle of shares or mass of capital which can be transferred in fractional amount. They are always fully paid ,e.g it can be quoted per #100 nominal value.
(6a) (i)Provides Technical Support To Exporters (ii)Simplifies Export Procedures (iii)Provides Grants And Incentives (iv)Simplifies Export Procedures (v)Provides Exportable Products’ List
(6b) (i)Collect and revenue for the government by charging customs excise duties. (ii)keep and analyse records of imported and exported goods and services. (iii)Control bonded warehouses to ensure that duty is collected for imported dutiable goods before releasing them. (iv)Supervise public health by arranging quarantine for animals, pets coming into the country thus controlling infectious disease. (v)Supervise entrepots ( re-export) trade to ensure that no duty is charged and collected on goods destined to another country Completed.

Biology 2 & 1 Answers Loading...
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1a) The semicircular canals of the inner ear help you with balance. ... This movement of the fluid moves the hairs of the canals, creating nerve impulses that travel up to your brain and let it know that your head is off balance. You don't fall over because your brain tells your muscles to support you.
1b) check images 1bii) The middle ear contains three tiny bones known as the ossicles: malleus, incus, and stapes. The ossicles were given their Latin names for their distinctive shapes; theyare also referred to as the hammer, anvil, and stirrup, respectively.
========================= 2a) This is a disease caused by the lack of an element in the diet, usually a particular vitamin or mineral 2aii)Lack of Calcium causes- Osteoporosis. Rickets. Tetany. Lack of Iodine deficiency- Goiter. Lack of Selenium deficiency. Keshan disease. Lack of Iron deficiency. Iron deficiency anemia. Lack of Zinc- Growth retardation. Lack of Thiamine (Vitamin B1) -Beriberi. Lack of Niacin (Vitamin B3)-Pellagra. Lack of Vitamin C- Scurvy.
(Choose any 5) 2b) i) This is a physical test: -A chemical test for starch is to add iodine solution (yellow/brown) and look for a colour change. -In the presence of starch, iodine turns a blue/black colour. -It is possible to distinguish starch from glucose (and other carbohydrates) using this iodine solution test. 2bii)- Benedict's solution is used to test for simple sugars, such as glucose. -It is a clear blue solution of sodiumand copper salts. -In the presence of simple sugars, the blue solution changes color to green, yellow, and brick-red, depending on the amount of sugar.
□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□ (3a) TABULATE
(i) Disease: Cholera Causative organism: Bacterium (vibro cholerae) Vector: Housefly Control: Keeping environment clean
(ii) Disease: Sleeping sickness Causative organism: Trypanosome Vector: tse-tse fly Control: use of antiseptic
(iii) Disease: Malaria Causative organism: Plasmodium (protozoa) Vector: Female anopheles mosquito Control: Draining of swamps
(iv) Disease: Ringworm Causative organism: Trichophyton and microsporum Vector: None Control: Keeping of skin clean and dry
(3bi) Salting is the dusting of farm products with table salt
(3bii) Irradiation is the drying of some crops or products using the heat from the sun
(3biii) Smoking is the drying of some farm products over a smoke of a naked fire ======================== 4ai) Mendel’s law of independent assortment states that genes do not influence each other with regard to the sorting of alleles into gametes: every possible combination of alleles for every gene is equally likely to occur. The independent assortment of genes can be illustrated by the dihybrid cross: a cross between two true-breeding parents that express different traits for two characteristics. *... solving✍🏽* ♤♤♤♤♤♤♤♤♤♤♤♤♤♤♤♤♤♤♤♤ (6ai) External Fertilization: This type of fertilization occurs when the sperm from the male animal meets the egg/ovum from the female animal, outside the body of the animal. It is common in pisces and amphibians.
(6aii) Internal fertilization: a type of fertilization by which the sperm from the male meets the egg/ovum inside the body of the animal. It is common in mammals and birds.
(6bi) (i) Pisces e.g: Tilapia, Croaker, Titus (ii) Amphibians e.g.: Frogs, Toads, Newts
(6bii) Internal fertilization: (i) Mammals e.g. Man, Rat, Monkeys (ii) Aves e.g. Parrots,Hawks, Eagles
(6ci) (i) Malnourished and underdeveloped foetus (ii) Low supply of oxygen to the foetus due to reduced diffusion (iii) Leads to the death of foetus and miscarriage of pregnancy
(6cii) (i) Amnion (ii) Amniotic fluid (iii) Umbilical cord
(6d) Competition in feeding among organisms for scarce resources leads to the death of weaker members of the species and the reproduction of the stronger members, leading to a dynamic equilibrium that balances the rate of death to the rate of birth.
(6e) (i) Problem of Wave (ii) Effects of temperature (iii) Salinity of the Marine (iv) Humidity
(6fi) Moisture helps in the germination of seeds by helping to activate the metabolic activities needed for germination, dissolved oxygen content in moisture acts is very beneficial to the biochemical process involved in germination.
(6fii) Viable seeds are healthy and contain the organic requirements for a healthy germination, and is most times resistant to harsh weather conditions, and lack of nutrients.
(6g) Light energy is considered a limiting factor in production of food by autotrophs because, photosynthesis which is the main process by which autotrophs produce food cannot take place in the absence of light. The energy from light is solely responsible for the process of photosynthesis.
========================= 7a) Hormone is a regulatory chemical substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.
7b) Adrenaline triggers the body's fight-or-flight response. This reaction causes air passages to dilate to provide the muscles with the oxygen they need to either fight danger or flee. Adrenaline also triggers the blood vessels to contract to re-direct blood toward major muscle groups, including the heart and lungs