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Chemistry 2&1
*GOVERNMENT SOLUTIONS*

1-10 : ACDCABBCCD

11-20: DCAABBCDCD

21-30: AAABBABDAB

31-40: CCACCABBBD

41-50: DBDDBDBBDC



*(1a)* Political socialization is the process of acquisition and transmission of political knowledge and value by individuals from one generation to another.

*(1b)* (i) It involves the transmission of values and beliefs of the political culture by one generation to the next.

(ii) Political Culture is maintained and changed through political socialisation. The values, beliefs and orientations towards political objects and actions are transmitted as well as changed by this process.

(iii) Political Socialisation is a lifelong learning process but its pace and role keeps on changing from time to time. The process goes on continuously throughout the life of the individual.

(iv) Political Socialisation provides the necessary knowledge and incentive for individual’s participation in politics. Politically socialised individuals come forward to accept different roles in the political system.

(v) In nature, Political Socialisation is similar to, in fact, a part of the process of socialisation which is always at work in every society.

(vi) Finally, Political Socialisation is an extremely important process by which individuals become involved in the activities of the political system. The nature and level of political participation of the individuals depend to a large extent upon the nature and efficiency of the process of political socialisation.

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*(2)*

(i)Governments Can be More Responsive to Citizens; The closer a government entity is to its citizens, the more likely it is the respond to the needs of citizens. States are more likely to listen to citizen needs, and respond to them, than the national government would be.

(ii)Federalism improves efficiency; Even though we may think of hundreds of governments as inefficient, governing the entire nation from one central location would be even worse. Imagine the bureaucracy, red tape, delays, and confusion if every government activity in every community in the nation—police, schools, roads, fire departments, garbage collections, sewage disposal, street lighting.

(iii)A Better Understanding; The central government has no true way to understand what issues and changes need to be made in every area of the country. This is why federalism is such a great advantage. The smaller branches of the local governments are right in the middle of the local society. They are better suited to deal with the true things that need to be changed.

(iv)Federalism helps manage conflict; Permitting states and communities to pursue their own policies reduces the pressures that would build up at the national level if the national government had to decide everything. Federalism permits citizens to decide many things at the state and local levels of government and avoid battling over single national policies to be applied uniformly throughout the land.

(v)Federalism embraces diversity; Federalism, a system of government in which entities such as states or provinces share power with a national government, permits diversity and accommodates the differences between people and regions to create stronger components, which make a stronger nation.

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*3a)* Public corporation means an entity that is created by the state to carry out public missions and services. In order to carry out these public missions and services, a public corporation participates in activities or provides services that are also provided by private enterprise.

*3b)* Judicial Control or Court Order: The court can declare an act made by a corporation illegal or unconstitutional. This is done when the corporation is breaching the Act upon which it was set up.

Auditing: The accounts of public corporations are always audited by a body of auditors set up by legislature.

Approval of Loans and Expenditure: The minister approves any loan to be taken and also the major expenditures.

Acts of Parliament: The powers of the corporations are situated in the Acts passed by legislature.

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*(4)* 1. Governments Can be More Responsive to Citizens The closer a government entity is to its citizens, the more likely it is the respond to the needs of citizens. States are more likely to listen to citizen needs, and respond to them, than the national government would be.

2. Federalism improves efficiency Even though we may think of hundreds of governments as inefficient, governing the entire nation from one central location would be even worse. Imagine the bureaucracy, red tape, delays, and confusion if every government activity in every community in the nation—police, schools, roads, fire departments, garbage collections, sewage disposal, street lighting, and

3. A Better Understanding The central government has no true way to understand what issues and changes need to be made in every area of the country. This is why federalism is such a great advantage. The smaller branches of the local governments are right in the middle of the local society. They are better suited to deal with the true things that need to be changed.

4. Federalism helps manage conflict Permitting states and communities to pursue their own policies reduces the pressures that would build up at the national level if the national government had to decide everything. Federalism permits citizens to decide many things at the state and local levels of government and avoid battling over single national policies to be applied uniformly throughout the land.

5. Federalism embraces diversity Federalism, a system of government in which entities such as states or provinces share power with a national government, permits diversity and accommodates the differences between people and regions to create stronger components, which make a stronger nation.

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